| Counterculture
Timeline: The Progressive Period (La Belle Epoque / Edwardian Age) --- 1880 to 1913 --- |
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| Date | Context | Counterculture Events | The Arts | The Period | ||||
| -- 1880s The generation that grew up during the 1860s reaches their 20s: Mucha & Gustav Mahler 1860, Rudolf Steiner 1861, Debussy & Delius 1862, Toulouse-Lautrec 1864, Yeats 1865 -- Extremely long 43 year period of progressive inventive creativeness |
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| 1880 | London's
first telephone exchange Canned fruits and meats first appear in stores Carnegie develops first large steel furnace 1880s - First land-use zoning: Modesto, California: attempt to control the spread of Chinese laundaries |
Captain
Boycott, land agent in Mayo, Ireland is "boycotted" for refusing
to accept rents fixed by his tenants 1880s - bicycling clubs, U.K. |
Vincent Van Gogh begins painting |
"1880s:
social realism beginning to compete with romanticism" 1880-1902 Missionary generation (Prophet) born 1860-1882 turns 20 |
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| 1881 | Sales of typewriters finally take off |
US: 1881-85: strikes average
500/year |
First
of all cabarets "Chat Noir" founded in Paris Frederick Jackson Turner |
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| 1882 | Edison
designs first hydroelectric plant, Wisconsin September 4 - first commercial power station, located on Pearl Street in lower Manhattan, goes into operation providing light and electricity power to customers in a one square mile area. |
US: 1881-85: strikes average 500/year | Manet:
"Bar aux Folies-Bergere" Cezanne: "Self Portrait" (pre-cubist) Paris: controversy over the impressionist painters (Monet, Pissarro, Seurat) Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec (18) arrives in Paris; he was fascinated with Japanese prints and the figures and compositions of Degas Nietzsche (28): Beyond Good and Evil |
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| 1883 | First
synthetic fiber produced (English scientist Sir Joseph Swan) First skyscraper built in Chicago (ten stories) Buffalo Bill Cody organizes "Wild West Show" Bismarck introduces sickness insurance in Germany |
US: 1881-85: strikes average
500/year The Bitter Cry of Outcast
London: Andrew Mearns Howard Williams: The Ethics
of Diet popularizes |
Nietzsche: Thus Spake Zarathustra - published in parts; collected 1887 and 1892. | Plekhanov (26) starts first Marxist group in Russian history, the Liberation of Labor, starts plotting the conference outside Russia which finally takes place 20 years later in Brussels in 1903 | ||||
| 1884 | new
recession, business slump U.S. George Eastman: sensitized roll film May 3 - first regular comic strip (Britain): Ally Sloper's Half Holiday |
US:
1881-85: strikes average 500/year National Footpaths Preservation Society, U.K. Art Workers' Guild, U.K. |
Georges Seurat (25): Bathers first regular comic strip, U.K. (Ally Sloper's Half Holiday) |
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| 1885 | Gottlieb
Daimler invents prototype of the modern gas engine motorcycle ? first English electrical tram car (Blackpool) |
US: 1881-85: strikes average
500/year |
Cézanne
painting Paris landscapes using geometric shapes to convey volume and structure,
and blurring contours to counteract illusions of depth. Monet painting landscapes of southern France, with movement and luminosity |
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| 1886 | January
29, Karl Benz gets the first patent for a gas-fueled car. Gottlieb Daimler builds the world's primary four-wheeled motor vehicle. Apache leader Geronimo surrenders, Apaches sent to ?p.o.w. ?camps in Florida and Oklahoma US Immigration Reform and Control Act allows 3.1 million previously illegal aliens to obtain legal status Just 5 years after sales of typewriters take off, almost every sizeable office employs at least one typist |
Feb 8 London: meeting of
3-5000 unemployed workers in Trafalgar Square met by 600 police officers,
goes into riot 1400+ strikes in the US
in 1886 |
Eighth
and last Impressionist Exhibition, Paris Vincent Van Gogh joins brother Theo, an art dealer in Paris; he is still painting in the dark, heavy style of The Potato Eaters |
AWAKENNG: Third Great Awakening 1886-1908 |
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| 1887 | Allotment Act: Native American tribal holdings broken up into individual holdings | Fabian
Society (led by Sidney Webb & Bernard Shaw): Facts for Socialists Oct 23 London: huge crowds gathering daily in Hyde Park and Trafalgar Square to hear speeches turns into mob Nov 12 Trafalgar Square, London: police defeat |
November
- Vincent Van Gogh (34) meets Paul Gauguin (39) at a Paris art gallery;
they exchange paintings; Gauguin goes to Pont Aven, Brittany. Gauguin had been painting in the Impressionist style since the 1870s. Van Gogh: "Moulin de la Galette" Edward Bellamy (37): Looking Backward - utopian novel |
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| 1888 | Nikola
Tesla constructs A.C. electric motor George Eastman perfects "Kodak" box camera J.B. Dunlop invents pneumatic tire William Burroughs: commerically practical adding-list machine First of all beauty contests held: Spa, Belgium "Jack the Ripper" murders six women in London |
"Police
battle unemployed demonstrators, Trafalgar Square (same?) Port Sunlight model village, UK June - Charles Ashbee starts Guild & School of Handicraft, Whitechapel, UK 1888-89 Burlington strike |
Cezanne
in Paris met Van Gogh & Gauguin February 20 - van Gogh arrives in Arles; May - rents The Yellow House; October 23 - Gauguin joins van Gogh in Arles; many paintings produced by both; after van Gogh cuts off his ear, Gauguin leaves December 23 Paul Gauguin: "The Vision After the Sermon" Van Gogh: "The Yellow Chair" |
W.E.B.
DuBois turns 20, writes first book |
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| 1889 | Oklahoma
is opened to non-Indian settlement Punch card system created by H. Hollerith World's Fair, Paris &Eiffel Tower built for it |
London Dock Strike Abbotsholme School founded,
Derbyshire, UK (explain) xx |
Moulin Rouge opens (Place Blanche,
Paris) Edward Carpenter: Civilization: Its Cause and Cure (U.K.) |
Frank
Lloyd Wright turns 20, begins career Emma Goldman turns 20, moves to NY and gives first speech |
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| 1890 | Standard
Oil becomes the first U.S. industrial `Trust' ---> Sherman Anti-Trust
Law Mississippi becomes first Southern U. S. state to draw up new constitution to control who could vote Sitting Bull, Sioux leader, assassinated; Sioux seek refuge at Pine Ridge Dec (last Indian massacre) Wounded Knee, South Dakota: U.S. army kills 300 of 350 Patent for foundtain pen invented by William Purvis, US (African-American) |
Buffalo
Bill tours Europe with his Wild West Show Healthy and Artistic Dress Union, U.K. Lafcadio Hearn moves to Japan Wyoming becomes the first state to allow women to vote |
Vincent
Van Gogh leaves for Auvers-sur-Oise, near Paris, to consult physician Paul
Gachet; July 29 dies after shooting himself (37) U.K.: William Morris: News from Nowhere (describes socialist utopia) Jacob Riis (Danish sociologist): How the Other Half Lives - studies of US poverty Sir James Frazer: The Golden Bough "Comic Cuts" and "Chips" comic papers, U.K. (-1953) |
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| 1890s
-- first generation born after birth of modern Europe 1870 reaches its 20s:
Dreiser, Mann, Proust, Gertrude Stein, Jack London, Rilke, Robert Frost -- "the Gay Nineties": Classic Bohemian society in Paris's Latin Quarter; Four Arts Balls held yearly; Toulouse-Lautrec, Jarry, Bonnard, Gide, Mallarme (Symbolist poet 1842-98), etc.; England: Hardy, Shaw, Wilde, Whistler, Elgar, Beerbohm, Beardsley, Pinero, Kipling, Conrad, Yeats |
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| 1891 | First(?) U.S. miners strike, Tennessee | Montmartre, Paris:
cabarets (Le Divan Japonais, Le Mirliton) with Jane Avril, May Belfort,
etc; dance halls (Elysée-Montmartre, Moulin de la Galette, Moulin
Rouge) Theodore Dreiser Orville Wright |
Paris: (Montmartre)
"Moulin Rouge introduces highkicking dancers" (? see 1862) Gauguin settles and paints in Tahiti (1891-1893) |
1890s:
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| 1892 | Diesel
patents his internal combustion engine First automatic telephone switchboard First newspaper comic strips in U.S. newspapers (San Francisco Examiner): Krazy Kat, Betty Boop ("actually 1896 with Hearst (rival) comic supplement") |
Strikes
all over the U.S.: iron & steel workers; general strike New Orleans;
railroad strike Buffalo NY; miners strike Coeur d'Alene, Idaho; Homestead
steelworkers, Pennsylvania. Populist candidates in presidential and other elections Bedales School, Sussex. UK Home Colonization Society founded, UK California: Sierra Club founded, John Muir elected president Bertrand Russell |
Monet begins series
of paintings of Rouen Cathedral (-1895) Toulouse-Lautrec: "At the Moulin Rouge" (his studio is at 27 Rue Caulaincourt) William Butler Yeats (1865- 1939) referred to his "Tragic Generation" as "The Last Romantics" - driving force behind the Irish Literary Revival; main work 1886 - 1920; Rhymers' Club published two anthologies: 1892 and 1894 |
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Mayan Sacred Calendar: Planetary Underworld: Heaven 8: Night 4: Expansion - 1893 - 1913 |
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| 1893 | Depression
(worst in US so far), & riots in California (where 27 banks failed
in June) U.S. adopts single gold standard, basis of capital centralism Henry Ford builds his first car US: The Republican Party, to avoid the embarassment of a federal budget surplus, expanded pensions for veterans of the Union Army and their dependents. By 1910, more than a quarter of all men older than 65, plus hundreds of thousands of widows and children are covered. |
George Poore, M.D.:
Essays in Rural Hygiene: introduces earth closet in Britain 1893 to World War I: Chicago - on the outskirts of the World's Fair Grounds, literary Bohemians met at Margery Curry's (& Floyd Dell's): Thorsten Veblen, Carl Sandburg, Vachel Lindsey, Edgar Lee Masters, Eunice Tietjins, Harriet Monroe (Poetry magazine), Maurice Browne, Ellen Volkenburg Browne (theatre), Ben Hecht The Chicago World's Fair also introduced the Midway, the Ferris Wheel, and Little Egypt. It's layout was by Frederick Olmsted. Gandhi goes to work for an Indian firm in Durban, South Africa. He found himself treated as a member of an inferior race and was appalled at the widespread denial of civil liberties and political rights to Indian immigrants to South Africa. He threw himself into the struggle for elementary rights for Indians for the next 20 years. |
Edvard Munch: The
Scream ART NOUVEAU appears in Europe Buddy Bolden (14) is "king" of New Orleans music World's Fair in Chicago - from it emerged the City Beautiful movement 1890s Trilby (by George Du Maurier) glorified Parisian Bohemia, swept US (riots outside bookstores on finding supplies depleted) [get date of pub xx] |
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| 1894 | Marconi
sends wireless signals over short distances from his home in Bologna, Italy Alfred Dreyfus sentenced; Emile Zola writes "J'Accuse" article defending him |
Coxey leads mass march of unemployed to Washington, Pullman Strike, President Cleveland sends troops to put down; Eugene Debs, who helped organized it, sent to prison for six months. Populist Party gets 40%
of U. S. congressional elections vote |
England: The Yellow Book magazine
starts publication (-1897), with art editor Aubrey Beardsley (22), ?including
his drawings for Salome Art Nouveau |
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| 1895 | Rontgen
discovers x-rays Marconi invents radio (=wireless) telegraph (also saw as 1896) Trial of Oscar Wilde The last herd of buffalo in existence, 100 buffalo survive in the protection of Yellowstone National Park |
Maryland Colony,
Essex: first intensive agricultural coloney for city market (lasted 10+
years) Bouesville (?ck spell) model village (Cadbury chocolate) 1895-6 Bohemian "Les Jeunes" in San Francisco publish journal "The Lark" Altruria community moves to 80 acre farm west of Cloverdale, down to 16 people; then to Santa Rosa (city), and ends Mary McLeod Bethune Carl Jung Jack London |
First
public film show, Paris (Hotel Scribe) H.G. Wells: The Time Machine Art Nouveau style predominates First Venice Biennale |
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| 1896 | Homer Adolph
Plessy (34) (1/8 of African-American descent) refuses to move from his purchased
first-class seat in the "white" car of a Louisiana train, but
U. S. Supreme Court rules against him, creating the "separate but equal"
doctrine Populists enticed into Democratic Party to elect William Jennings Bryan, who lost anyway, to Republican William McKinley, supported by the first massive money campaign 1896-7 Purleigh Colony, Essex (commune) -1898 Whiteway Colony, Cotswalds (proposed to be deeded to God) -1901 After being attacked and beaten by white South Africans, Gandhi begins to teach a policy of passive resistance to, and non-cooperation with, the South African authorities. Part of the inspiration for this policy came from Leo Tolstoy, as well as from the teachings of Christ, and from Henry David Thoreau, especially "Civil Disobedience." |
"La Boheme"
- opera by Puccini based on Murger's work, opens in Turin, popularizes bohemian
life "Die Jugend" & "Simplicissimus" German art magazines, Munich / Art Nouveau Hearst starts first comics newspaper supplement |
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| 1897 | Royal Automobile Club founded, London | 1897/1898 - Point
Loma colony near San Diego, California, founded by 500 Theosophists (followers
of Helena Petrovna Blavatsky), lasted to 1940 Forecasts of the Coming Century by a Decade of Writers - Alfred Russel Wallace, Tom Mann, H. Russell Smart, William Morris, H.S. Salt, Enid Stacy, Margaret McMillan, Grant Allen, Bernard Shaw, Edward Carpenter. Manchester: The Labour Press/London: W Scott, 1897. |
Vienna: Klimt,
Schiele and others: first Secessionist exhibition / Art Nouveau Henri Rousseau: "Sleeping Gypsy" Edmond Rostand: Cyrano de Bergerac |
1897: In the wake of the opening
of a large U.S. Navy base in New Orleans, Alderman Charles Storyville
sponsors an ordinance to limit prostitution to one area of the city, bordered
by the Mississippi River, Perdido & Basin Streets; it is nicknamed
"Storyville" and becomes the center for the develop-ment of
ragtime piano (Jelly Roll Morton, etc.) |
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| 1898 | U.S.
fights Spanish-American War Photographs first taken using artificial light Paris Metro opened |
Ebenezer Howard:
Garden Cities of To-Morrow proposes suburban planned developments with their
own employment - starts the Garden City movement Peter Kropotkin: Fields, Factories and Workshops [explain] xx Isadora Duncan Upton Sinclair |
UK: Folk Song Society
founded Aubrey Beardsley dies (26) H.G. Wells: The War of the Worlds Alfred Jarry: Ubu Roi The MacKintosh School of Art, Glasgow: Art Nouveau architecture |
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| 1899 | First
magnetic recording of sound Butch Cassidy, Sundance Kid, and Wild Bunch rob Union Pacific train in Wilcox, Wyoming |
London County Council
buys land for first suburb, connected by electric railway (Totterdown Fields,
opened 1903), meant to relieve crowding in inner city slums Pablo Picasso (18) moves to Barcelona, hangs out at Els Quatre Gats France: Novelist Emile Zola pro-Dreyfus pamphlet "J'Accuse!"; army retries Dreyfus with forged evidence Albert Einstein Margaret Sanger |
Art Nouveau: Vienna,
London, Paris, Munich, Barcelona, Glasgow, San Francisco Thorstein Veblen: The Theory of the Leisure Class - the concept of conspicuous consumption Feb - Toulouse-Lautrec so alcoholic that he is sent to assylum at Neuilly |
The first dance craze: Scott Joplin's Maple Leaf Rag, published 1899, sold 1 million copies in U.S. alone; Eubie Blake composed the Charleston Rag in 1899 | ||||
| 1890 - 1914 Invention of: the telephone, cheap camera, phonograph, rotary press & linotype, photoengraving, railroad air-brake & sleeping car, electric street car, skyscraper, suspension bridge, motor vehicles, airplane, typewriter, bicycle, electric light, motion picture, public library, scientific medicine, department store, ocean liner, refrigeration, elevator, sewing machine, gas stove, steam heating, hot running water + traffic light + Between 1851 and 1901 London grew from 2.7 million to 6.6 million population, with no government policy to accomodate the growth |
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| 1900 | 1900
Marconi sends wireless telegraphy message across the English Channel 1900-1902 US: 214 Negro lynchings Paper clip invented by Norwegian, Johann Vaaler, living in Germany |
1900s Start and
growth of the Wandervogel movement in Germany Pablo Picasso (19) visits Paris for the first time, sees art by Gauguin, Van Gogh, Degas, Toulouse-Lautrec; the friend Picasso came with commits suicide and Picasso starts his "Blue Period" "Belle Epoque" starts in Paris H. L. Mencken Helen Keller |
Art Nouveau Sigmund Freud: Interpretation
of Dreams |
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| 1901 | First
U.S. legislation to set up building codes, meant to improve living conditions in big city slums William Maybach, technical director at the Daimler works, constructs the first Mercedes car J.P. Morgan organizes U.S. Steel Corporation 12/12 at 12:00 - Marconi (20) transmits telegraphic radio messages in Morse code from Cornwall to Newfoundland (saw as Newfoundland to Cape Cod, Massachusetts) Hawaii Pineapple Company founded by Dole |
First London housing co-op
founded: Ealing Tenants Limited Rudolf Steiner (1861-1925)
founds anthroposophy (Anthroposophical Society) - reinvigorated the Theosophic
teachings of the Symbolists |
Art Nouveau Frank Norris: The Octopus (exposes
railroad monopolies) |
UK: One in fifteen employed as a servant | ||||
| 1902 |
Coal strike in U.S., May-October |
Art Nouveau Enrico Caruso makes his first phonograph recording |
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| 1903 | December
17 - Orville and Wilbur Wright successfully fly a powered airplane (first
manned flight) |
Labor strikes in
Holland First Garden City started, built by co-operative association: Letchworth, England (north of London) 1903-1908, 1912 - Halcyon colony near Pismo Beach, California, founded; lasted to 1950s, after moving to Covina, then Altadena Leo Stein, moves to 27 rue de Fleurus, Paris; autumn: sister Gertrude (29) joins him; they start collecting art |
Art Nouveau to
1914 "The Great Train Robbery" first movie to tell a story, produced by Edison's company |
At Plekhanov's
planned conference in Belgium, Lenin takes over leadership |
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| 1904 |
War between Japan and Russia
- first time U.S. gets involved as a world power. First
radio transmission of music (Austria) |
Labor strikes in Italy Max Weber: The Protestant Ethic
and the Spirit of Capitalism New York policeman arrests
woman for smoking cigarette in public |
Freud: The Psychopathology
of Everyday Life Ivan Pavlov wins Nobel prize
(explain) ?wrong? |
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| 1905 |
Jan 22 - Russia: Bloody Sunday:
500 killed in peaceful Petrograd demonstration asking for 8-hour day and
minimum wage, followed by a wave of strikes; Russian revolutionaries come
close to dragging down the monarchy, but things quiet down when czar creates
an elected parliament (Duma) Albert Einstein (26): Special
Theory of Relativity |
June: Niagara Movement first
meeting, called by W.E.B. Du Bois Street
fighting in Petersburg crushed by police |
First regular cinema established
(Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania) Debussy: "Golliwogs Cakewalk" |
D. H. Lawrence Sinclair Lewis turn 20 |
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| 1906 | Nightshift
work for women internationally forbidden First radio program of voice and music, U.S. First parkway started, Long Island: limited-access highway designed for private-car traffic only, and landscaped April 18 5:13 am San Francisco earthquake --> fire |
France: over 1,000 strikes
, Germany over 2,000 F.A. Morton: The Simple Life
on Four Acres |
Jack London: The Iron Heel Buddy Bolden, 28, the first
"king" of New Orleans Storyville music, stops playing (1907
committed to New Orleans mental hospital for 24 years) |
when? Paris: "Le bande," includes Gertrude Stein, Pablo Picasso, Guillaume Apollinaire, Max Jacob, Georges Braque; Picasso finds a painting of Henri Rousseau's in a junk shop and throws a party for him. | ||||
| 1907 | Fall
- Panic causing run on banks stopped by J.P. Morgan's importation of $100
million in gold from Europe Pres. Theodore Roosevelt bars Japanese from immigrating to U.S. First suburb specifically based on the automobile: Country Club District, Kansas City (& at low density) Louis Lumiere develops process for color photography |
Montessori [explain]
xx Baden-Powell founds Boy Scouts Sierra Club submits a resolution to the Secretary of the Interior opposing the damming of Hetch Hetchy Valley France: over 1,000 strikes , Germany over 2,000 Poet George Sterling, who moved to Carmel in 1905, founds literary colony which included poet Jack London, and Jimmy Harper (see "Seacoast of Bohemia" by Franklin Walker). (Many San Franciscans moved to Carmel after the 1906 San Francisco earthquake.) |
Pablo Picasso (25) meets Georges
Braque (25) while both live in Montmartre; they jointly develop cubism;
Picasso paints "Les Demoiselles d'Avignon", as part of his development
of cubism. They were heavily influenced by the late paintings of Paul
Cezanne (died 1906). |
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| 1908 | August
- Springfield, Illinois: white woman's accusation of Negro rape (later retracted)
sets off riot which destroys Negro businesses and ransacks Negro homes;
Negro barber and 84 year old Negro man, married to white woman 30 years,
lynched; 5000 militia sent in to suppress 1908 First steel and glass building (Berlin factory) General Motors Corporation formed; Ford Motor Company produces first Model "T" |
France: over 1,000 strikes , Germany over 2,000 | Fauves works first
shown in U.S. Gertrude Stein: Three Lives Isadora Duncan becomes popular interpreter of dance "Ashcan School" founded - realistic portrayals of life: Robert Henri, John Sloan, George Luks, William Glackens, George Bellows, Everett Shinn The Power of the Sultan - first dramatic film shot entirely in Los Angeles |
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| 1909 | Commercial
manufacture of Bakelite, to be used in plastics |
France: over 1,000
strikes , Germany over 2,000 Spokane, Washington: 600 Wobblies arrested for free speech Futurist manifesto published, Italy - "end to traditionalism, reproduce the dynamic sensation of life" Rudolf Steiner - original center established 1909 in Munich. Emphasized creation of "soul-art": Mystery Dramas (crystalline structures surrounded performers and dancers dressed in diaphanous robes and skirts; archetypal figures interacted with characters from the mundane world; whirling and mysterious movements; "Eurythmy" accompanied ethereal music as a rainbow of primary colors were projected on the geometrically-patterned stage floor.) 30,000 New York shirtwaist workers walk out, strike broken up by police, hundreds jailed |
Vassily Kandinsky's
first abstract paintings Henri Matisse: Harmony in Red (Red Room) May 19 - Sergei Diaghilev: first Ballet Russe presentation, Paris & tour - sensation First big cache of Jurassic-era dinosaurs uncovered at Carnegie Quarry, Utah (1915 became Dinosaur National Monument) |
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| 1910 | The
"week-end" becomes popular in the U.S. Portugal king deposed |
NAACP formed France: over 1,000 strikes , Germany over 2,000 First womens suffrage parade in US First Socialist elected to U. S. Congress William James: The Moral Equivalent of War Alice B. Toklas joins Gertrude Stein in Paris 1910s Paris: Utrillo, Apollinaire, Braque, Modigliani, Derain, Picasso, Andre Gide, Brancusi, Lipchitz, Legere, Soutine, Chagall, and Gertrude Stein collecting their art |
Henri Rousseau:
The Dream (& dies) Erik Satie starts composing again: "the humor of absurdity in music" Alfred Stieglitz's 291 Gallery, New York Frank Lloyd Wright's architecture becoming well known South American tango popular in Europe and U.S. The hobble skirt, which could daringly expose 5-8 inches of ankle. |
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| 1911 |
Taylor publishes book on "scientific
management" of labor Chinese Revolution - Sun Yat-sen
becomes first president |
Fire at the unionized
Triangle Shirtwaist Company, New York - 146 women die France: over 1,000 strikes , Germany over 2,000 Thousands arrested in Fresno, California free speech fight and free speech fight in Aberdeen, Washington US: first 12 states pass workmen's compensation laws Election of 73 Socialist mayors & 1200 Socialist city officials in 340 U. S. cities Krotona colony, 15 acres in the Hollywood Hills, founded (moved to Ojai 1924; lasted to 1950s Rudolf von Laban (1879-1958) at bohemian colony in Ascona, Switz begins to formulate his idea of Ausdruckstanz, dance movement independent of music and storytelling in which every gesture expresses the ineffable essence of man-in-space or Body Wisdom. Also created concept of movement choirs and community festivals organized on the principles of ecstatic movement and a shared history. Dancers lived communally, dining solely on nuts, dried fruits, and grain beverages; frequent nudity, and a form of group marriage. In the 1930s, they organized Nazi festivals; in 1936, Laban left for England. |
T.S. Eliot: The Lovesong of
J. Alfred Prufrock 1910-11 First use of `jazz'
to describe Nola music style |
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| 1912 | Polish
chemist coins the term "vitamine" Cloud chamber photographs detect protons and electrons April 14 - RMS Titanic sinks on maiden voyage: 1513 of 2205 drowned C.G. Jung: The Theory of Psychoanalysis A young mother who had tried to give herself an abortion dies in the arms of Margaret Sanger, a nurse, who later founded what later became Planned Parenthood New Mexico becomes 47th US state and Arizona 48th |
Jan-March - IWW
helps with American Woolen Company strikes, Lawrence, Massachusetts San Diego Wobbly free-speech arrests France: over 1,000 strikes , Germany over 2,000 Women Suffrage parades + Bread and Roses 79 Socialist majors & larger number of Democratic & Republican reform mayors elected throughout the US; Eugene V. Debs running for President from the Socialist Party polls 900,000 votes. [Woodrow Wilson elected] 1912 -17 Greenwich Village: Mabel Dodge's Wednesday evenings salons - John Reed, xx "Germany became socialist" and has Europe's biggest socialist party England's liberal government gives Ireland home rule, but civil war almost breaks out led by Ulster protestants and Englands Tories |
Picasso & Braque
start cubist collage Marcel Duchamp: "The Bride" Kandinsky (Munich) & Delauney & Kupka (Paris): abstraction Arnold Schonberg (Vienna): 12-tone ?scale? Zane Grey: Riders of the Purple Sage Edgar Rice Borroughs: Tarzan of the Apes (the "natural" man) |
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Mayan Sacred Calendar: Planetary Underworld: Heaven 9: Day 5: Budding - 1913 - 1932 |
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| 1913 | Henry
Ford brings together techniques to begin first mass-production plant (for automobiles), Highland Park, Michigan Federal income tax introduced in US through 16th Amendment Apaches moved to reservations in Oklahoma & New Mexico |
June - Paterson Strike Pageant at Madison Square Garden, NYC 1912 -17 Greenwich Village
continues |
Marcel Proust:
first part of "A la recherche du temps perdu" International Exhibition of Modern Art at New York Armory introduces modernism to US (Cubists & Futurists including Duchamp: "Nude Descending a Staircase"); Marcel Duchamp starts creating "readymades" including the "Bicycle Wheel" and the "Bottle Rack" May 29 - Diaghilev Ballet Russe troupe performance of Stravinsky: "Le Sacre du Printemps" (Rite of Spring), with Nijinsky dancing - near-riot at Paris premiere D.H. Lawrence (28): Sons and Lovers The foxtrot |
Forty years of peace --> very few Europeans remember the last time Europe was at war (1870) | ||||
| On to The Early War Years: 1914-1932 | ||||||||